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\b;Programming - the CBOT language
The CBOT language is very close in structure and syntax to C++ and Java. It has been adapted for the specific purposes of COLOBOT, and for an efficient pedagogical approach.
This language is made up of instructions (see below), \l;blocks\u cbot\bloc;, \l;functions\u cbot\function;, \l;classes\u cbot\class;, \l;variables\u cbot\var;, \l;arrays\u cbot\array;, \l;expressions\u cbot\expr; and \l;conditions\u cbot\cond;.
o \c;\token;Instructions\norm;\n;
In the program editor, an instruction in the CBOT language is always displayed on an orange background. If an instruction hasn't got an orange background, this means that it has been misspelled. Instruction names are always written in lower case.
o \c;\type;Type\norm;\n;
The \l;type\u cbot\type; of a variable appears with a green background.
o \c;\const;Constants\norm;\n;
Constants like \l;categories\u cbot\category; are displayed with a red background.
\t;Instructions in the CBOT language:
\c;\l;extern\u cbot\extern; \n;Indicate the main function
\c;\l;if\u cbot\if; \n;Choice structure
\c;\l;else\u cbot\if; \n;Alternative choice structure
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\c;\l;switch\u cbot\switch; \n;Multiple choice structure
\c;\l;case\u cbot\switch; \n;One choice
\c;\l;default\u cbot\switch; \n;Default choice
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\c;\l;for\u cbot\for; \n;Loop structure
\c;\l;while\u cbot\while; \n;Control structure
\c;\l;do\u cbot\do; \n;Control structure
\c;\l;break\u cbot\break; \n;Exit from a loop
\c;\l;continue\u cbot\continue; \n;Continues the loop
\c;\l;return\u cbot\return; \n;Exit from a function
\c;\l;sizeof\u cbot\sizeof; \n;Size of an array
\t;Specific instructions for bots:
\c;\l;radar\u cbot\radar; \n;Object detection
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\c;\l;search\u cbot\search; \n;Object detection from a specific point
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\c;\l;direction\u cbot\direct; \n;Calculates a rotation angle
\c;\l;distance\u cbot\dist; \n;Calculates a distance
\c;\l;distance2d\u cbot\dist2d; \n;Calculates a distance
\c;\l;wait\u cbot\wait; \n;Waits
\c;\l;move\u cbot\move; \n;Moves forward or backward
\c;\l;turn\u cbot\turn; \n;Turns
\c;\l;goto\u cbot\goto; \n;Goes to a given position
\c;\l;motor\u cbot\motor; \n;Direct motor control
\c;\l;jet\u cbot\jet; \n;Direct jet engine control
\c;\l;message\u cbot\message; \n;Displays a message
\c;\l;retobject\u cbot\retobj; \n;Returns an object from a function
\c;\l;errmode\u cbot\errmode; \n;Error treatement control
\c;\l;abstime\u cbot\abstime; \n;Returns the absolute time
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\c;\l;pendown\u cbot\pendown; \n;Starts drawing
\c;\l;penup\u cbot\penup; \n;Stops drawing
\c;\l;pencolor\u cbot\pencolor; \n;Changes the pen color
\c;\l;penwidth\u cbot\penwidth; \n;Changes the pen width
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\c;\l;canresearch\u cbot\canresearch; \n;Checks if a technology can be researched
\c;\l;researched\u cbot\researched; \n;Checks if a technology is researched
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\t;Instructions about topology:
\c;\l;space\u cbot\space; \n;Calculates a free space
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\c;\l;flatspace\u cbot\flatspace; \n;Calculates a free, flat space
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\c;\l;topo\u cbot\topo; \n;Returns the altitude of a point
\c;\l;flatground\u cbot\flatgrnd; \n;Returns radius of a flat area
\t;Instructions specific to some bots:
\c;\l;grab\u cbot\grab; \n;Picks up an object
\c;\l;drop\u cbot\drop; \n;Puts down an object
\c;\l;sniff\u cbot\sniff; \n;Sounds the subsoil
\c;\l;thump\u cbot\thump; \n;Overturns alien insects
\c;\l;recycle\u cbot\recycle; \n;Recycles a derelict bot
\c;\l;shield\u cbot\shield; \n;Extends or withdraws the shield
\c;\l;fire\u cbot\fire; \n;Fires the cannon
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\c;\l;aim\u cbot\aim; \n;Rotates the cannon
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\c;\l;build\u cbot\build; \n;Builds a building
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\c;\l;canbuild\u cbot\canbuild; \n;Checks if a building can be built
\c;\l;buildingenabled\u cbot\buildingenabled; \n;Checks if a building can be built in the level
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\t;Instructions specific for some \l;objects\u cbot\object;:
\c;\l;factory\u cbot\factory; \n;Starts construction of a bot
\c;\l;research\u cbot\research; \n;Starts a research
\c;\l;takeoff\u cbot\takeoff; \n;Takes off a spaceship
\c;\l;busy\u cbot\busy; \n;Checks if object is busy
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\t;Specific instructions for exchange posts:
\c;\l;receive\u cbot\receive; \n;Receives an information
\c;\l;send\u cbot\send; \n;Sends a new information
\c;\l;testinfo\u cbot\testinfo; \n;Tests if an information exists
\c;\l;deleteinfo\u cbot\delinfo; \n;Deletes an existing information
\t;Specific instructions for classes:
\c;\l;class\u cbot\class; \n;Class declararion
\c;\l;public\u cbot\public; \n;Declares a public function
\c;\l;private\u cbot\private; \n;Declares a private class member
\c;\l;static\u cbot\static; \n;Declares a static class member
\c;\l;synchronized\u cbot\synchro; \n;Prevents simultaneous execution
\c;\l;new\u cbot\new; \n;Creates a new instance
\c;\l;this\u cbot\this; \n;Reference to the current instance
\t;Specific instructions for strings:
\c;\l;strlen\u cbot\strlen; \n;Gets string length
\c;\l;strleft\u cbot\strleft; \n;Extracts left part
\c;\l;strright\u cbot\strright; \n;Extracts right part
\c;\l;strmid\u cbot\strmid; \n;Extracts center part
\c;\l;strfind\u cbot\strfind; \n;Finds a substring.
\c;\l;strval\u cbot\strval; \n;Converts string to number
\c;\l;strupper\u cbot\strupper; \n;Converts to upper case
\c;\l;strlower\u cbot\strlower; \n;Converts to lower case
\t;Specific instructions for files:
\c;\l;open\u cbot\open; \n;Opens a file
\c;\l;close\u cbot\close; \n;Closes a file
\c;\l;writeln\u cbot\writeln; \n;Writes line to a file
\c;\l;readln\u cbot\readln; \n;Reads line from a file
\c;\l;eof\u cbot\eof; \n;Tests if end of file
\c;\l;deletefile\u cbot\deletef; \n;Deletes a file
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\t;Mathematical functions:
\c;\l;rand\u cbot\rand; \n;Returns a random value
\c;\l;pow\u cbot\pow; \n;Returns a power
\c;\l;sqrt\u cbot\sqrt; \n;Returns a square root
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\c;\l;floor\u cbot\floor; \n;Returns the largest previous integer
\c;\l;ceil\u cbot\ceil; \n;Returns the smallest following integer
\c;\l;round\u cbot\round; \n;Returns a rounded number
\c;\l;trunc\u cbot\trunc; \n;Returns a truncated number
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\c;\l;sin\u cbot\sin; \n;Returns a sine
\c;\l;cos\u cbot\cos; \n;Returns a cosine
\c;\l;tan\u cbot\tan; \n;Returns a tangent
\c;\l;asin\u cbot\asin; \n;Returns an arcus sine
\c;\l;acos\u cbot\acos; \n;Returns an arcus cosine
\c;\l;atan\u cbot\atan; \n;Returns an arcus tangent
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\c;\l;atan2\u cbot\atan2; \n;Returns an arcus tangent, has two arguments
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\t;See also
\l;Types\u cbot\type; and \l;categories\u cbot\category;.
