89 lines
3.1 KiB
Plaintext
89 lines
3.1 KiB
Plaintext
\b;Expressions
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Expressions can include the following operators:
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\c;+\n; addition
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\c;-\n; subtraction
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\c;*\n; multiplication
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\c;/\n; division
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\c;%\n; remainder of the division (only for the type \c;\l;int\u cbot\int;\n;)
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With the addition operator \c;+\n;, you can not only add numbers, you can also append \l;strings\u cbot\string;.
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\c;
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\s; int i = 12+3; // returns 15
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\s; string s = "a"+"bc"; // returns "abc"
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\s; int i = 2-5; // returns -3
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\s; float f = 3.01*10; // returns 30.1
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\s; int i = 5/3; // returns 1
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\s; float f = 5/3; // returns 1.67
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\s; float f = 5/0; // returns an error
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\s; int i = 13%5; // returns 3
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\s; int i = -8%3; // returns -2
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\n;
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An expression can include constants or \l;variables\u cbot\var;. For example:
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\s;\c; 12+dist\n;
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Multiplications and divisions are performed before additions and subtractions. In order to be sure that the operations are performed in the right order, use brackets:
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\c;
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\s; 12*a+b/c \n;is equivalent to\c; (12*a)+(b/c)
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\s; 2.5*(dist+range)
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\n;
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In order to improve readability, you can put as many spaces as you want:
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\c;
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\s; 12*a + b/c
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\s; 2.5 * (dist+range)
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\n;
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Here is a list of mathematical functions:
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\c;sin(angle) \n;sinus
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\c;cos(angle) \n;cosinus
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\c;tan(angle) \n;tangent
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\c;asin(value) \n;arc-sinus
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\c;acos(value) \n;arc-cosinus
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\c;atan(value) \n;arc-tangente
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\c;sqrt(value) \n;square root
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\c;pow(x, y) \n;x power y
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\c;rand() \n;random value ranging between 0 and 1
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Angles are in degrees.
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\t;Compound assignment operators (for specialists)
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Besides the \c;=\n; operators for variable assignment there are several compound-assignment operators.
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The compound-assignment operators combine the \c;=\n; assignment operator with another binary operator such as \c;+\n; or \c;-\n;. Compound-assignment operators perform the operation specified by the additional operator and then assign the result to the left operand. For example, a compound-assignment expression such as
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\c;\s;expression1 += expression2
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is equivalent to
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\c;\s;expression1 = expression1 + expression2
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\c;+=\n; addition
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\c;-=\n; subtraction
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\c;*=\n; multiplication
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\c;/=\n; division
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\c;%=\n; remainder of the division (only for the type \c;\l;int\u cbot\int;\n;)
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\t;Prefix and posfix increment- and decrement operators (for specialists)
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The operators \c;++\n; and \c;--\n; allow you to increment (++) or to decrement (--) a variable in very compact and efficient manner.
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For example to increment the variable \c;a\n; you can write
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\c;\s; a++ ;
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\n;instead of
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\c;\s; a = a + 1 ;
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\n;
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The value of the expression \c;a++\n; is the value of the variable \c;a\n; before the increment. If you use the prefix operator \c;++a\n; the value of the expression is the value of the variable \c;a\n; after the increment. The same holds for the \c;--\n; decrement operator.
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Exemples:
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\c;\s; a = 2 ;
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\s; b = a++ ;
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\s; // now b contains 2 and a contains 3
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\c;\s; a = 2 ;
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\s; b = ++a ;
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\s; // now b contains 3 and a contains 3
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\n;
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\t;See also
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\l;Programming\u cbot;, \l;types\u cbot\type; and \l;categories\u cbot\category;.
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